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MySQL 5.7忘記root密碼后修改的詳細教程

前言

一直以來，MySQL的應用和學習環境都是MySQL 5.6和之前的版本，也沒有去關注新版本MySQL 5.7的變化和新特性。今天幫人處理忘記root密碼的時時候，發現以前的方法不奏效了。

具體情況如下所示：

案例環境如下：

操作系統： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago)

數據庫版本： 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

忘記密碼，輸入錯誤的密碼時遇到下面錯誤信息：

[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]#

檢查MySQL服務是否啟動，如果啟動，關閉MySQL服務

[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# ps -ef | grep -i mysql
root  22972  1 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 23166 22972 0 14:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root  23237 21825 0 14:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep -i mysql
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]#

找到MySQL的my.cnf配置文件，在/etc/my.cnf (有些版本是/etc/mysql/my.cnf）在里面增加下面一段信息：

[mysqld] 

skip-grant-tables

然后啟動MySQL，進入MySQL后，修改root密碼,操作過程中遇到ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'，查了一下user表的表結構，發現原來MySQL 5.7下，user表已經沒有Password字段。加密后的用戶密碼存儲于authentication_string字段。

具體操作過程如下所示：

[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('Kd8kdfdl023')
 -> where user='root';
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('Kd8kdfdl023') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> exit

在my.cnf文件中，把剛才加入的那一行“skip-grant-tables”注釋或刪除掉。然后重啟MySQL服務后需要執行命令set password=password('newpassword');后，問題搞定。

[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@mytestlnx02 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set password=password('Kd8kdfdl023');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

后面查詢了一下相關資料，發現MySQL 5.7在安全方面有下一些新特性。

1. 用戶表 mysql.user 的 plugin字段不允許為空，默認值是 mysql_native_password，而不是 mysql_old_password，不再支持舊密碼格式；

2. 增加密碼過期機制，過期后需要修改密碼，否則可能會被禁用，或者進入沙箱模式；是否啟用密碼過期由參數default_password_lifetime控制。

mysql> show variables like 'default_password_lifetime';
+---------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+---------------------------+-------+
| default_password_lifetime | 0  |
+---------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>

3：增加了密碼安全等級以及密碼復雜度設置。參數如下：

mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file |  |
| validate_password_length    | 8  |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1  |
| validate_password_number_count  | 1  |
| validate_password_policy    | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 使用 mysql_install_db 初始化時，默認會自動生成隨機密碼,隨機密碼放在/var/log/mysqld.log中，并且不創建除 root@localhost和mysql.sys@localhost 外的其他賬號，也不創建 test 庫；

[root@mytestlnx02 mysql]# yum localinstall mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-* 
[root@mytestlnx02 mysql]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el6.i686
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el6.i686
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el6.i686
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el6.i686
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.18-1.el6.i686
[root@mytestlnx02 mysql]# service mysqld start
 
Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ]
Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@mytestlnx02 mysql]# 
[root@mytestlnx02 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-05-05T06:10:57.802143Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: w99s(m-q_ML:
 
mysql> select user ,host from user;
+-----------+-----------+
| user  | host  |
+-----------+-----------+
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root  | localhost |
+-----------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

總結

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